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Continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquid

QIAO Congzhen, LI Chengyue

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 69-73 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0014-3

摘要： Based on a compulsive mixing-reacting-separating-recycling small experimental setup,the continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by [BMIM]Cl-AlCl ionic liquid were investigated. Three different situations including normal continuous operation mode (reagent materials), sidetrack feeding from different axial positions along the static mixing reactor (reagent materials) and normal continuous alkylation using industrial paraffin and olefins materials were examined. Even under the relatively hypecritical reaction conditions, the single pass conversion of pure 1-dodecene could reach to nearly 100.0%, and the selectivity of 2-phenyl isomer was higher than 37.7%. Although the positions along the reactor for sidetrack feeding were different, the 100.0% single pass conversion of 1-dodecene was also attained before the outlet of the reactor. The refined industrial olefins as raw material could meet with the requirements of continuous alkylation. The influences of impurities such as di-olefins and non-benzene aromatics on the catalytic activity and stability should be studied further.

关键词： stability     different     hypecritical     compulsive mixing-reacting-separating-recycling     non-benzene    

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A methodology of implementing target mixing ratio for asphalt mixture

Yucheng HUANG, Lun JI, Rui WEN, Ming ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 308-314 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0405-y

摘要： In order to implement the objective mix design of hot mix asphalt adequately during the construction process, the significance of objective mixing ratio was elaborated, and the variability of materials and its control method were analyzed. An engineering example is used to illustrate the debugging process of asphalt mixture batching & mixing plant and the dynamic quality management methods. The results show that the set of methods can not only implement the objective mixing ratio of hot mix asphalt adequately, but also control production during the construction process effectively.

关键词： asphalt mixture     target mixing ratio     mix design implementation     batching & mixing plant debugging    

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Characterization of micro-mixing in a novel impinging streams reactor

Hui HU, Zhiming CHEN, Zhen JIAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 58-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0106-8

摘要： This paper presents an experimental investigation of a novel impinging stream reactor (ISR) with the aim of high mixing intensity. The integral mixing quality in the reactor was measured with the iodide-iodate reaction and showed excellent mixing performance. The impact of the operating parameters, such as fluxes, circulation and inter-nozzle distances, was investigated in terms of segregation index. The results showed that the increase of flux, the decrease of inter-nozzle distance and a suitable circulation can improve the micro-mixing efficiency. Based on turbulence theory, it was estimated that the characteristic micro-mixing time was 0.002—0.02 s, which was much shorter than that in the stirred tank reactor. The micro-mixing time was related to the segregation index, which was in good agreement with those in the literature.

关键词： micro-mixing     impinging streams reactor     turbulent mixing     mass transfer    

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Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1323-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2275-7

摘要： Liquid–liquid mixing, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing, widely exists in the chemical industry. How to quantitatively characterize the mixing performance is important for reactor assessment and development. As a convenient and direct method for mixing characterization, the chemical probe method uses some special test reactions to characterize the mixing results. Here, the working principle and selection requirements of this method are introduced, and some common chemical probe systems for homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing processes are reviewed. The characteristics and applications of these systems are illustrated. Finally, the development of the new system is proposed.

关键词： mixing     chemical probe     liquid–liquid     heterogeneous    

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Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

GAO Baoyu, YUE Qinyan, WANG Xiaona, CHU Yongbao, KONG Chunyan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 368-373 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0063-8

摘要： In order to investigate the characteristics of pure Nano-Al, Nano-Al was separated and purified from a series of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) solutions which had the same Al percentage but different total Al concentrations, by using column chromatography, ethanol-acetone resolving and SO/Ba displacement. The Al species yield was characterized by Al-ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry and Al-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The coagulation efficiency of Nano-Al, PAC and AlCl in synthetic water was also investigated by Jar tests. The dynamic process and aggregation state of kaolin suspensions coagulating with Nano-Al, PAC and AlCl were similarly investigated using a photometric dispersion analyzer 2000 (PDA2000). The experimental results indicated that the ethanol-acetone resolving method was simple and could separate the PAC solution at different concentrations, while column chromatography could separate PAC solutions at low concentrations. The SO/Ba displacement method could separate PAC solutions at high concentrations. However, extra inorganic cation and anion could be added in the solution during separation. The coagulation efficiency and dynamic experimental results showed that Nano-Al with high positive-charged species was effective in removing turbidity and color. The dynamic process results showed that Nano-Al also had the best recovery capability after shearing compared with PAC and AlCl because the Nano-Al conformation is more effective in charge neutralization.

关键词： displacement     PAC     coagulation efficiency     poly-aluminum     inorganic    

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Reliability-based settlement analysis of embankments over soft soils reinforced with T-shaped deep cement mixing

Chana PHUTTHANANON; Pornkasem JONGPRADIST; Daniel DIAS; Xiangfeng GUO; Pitthaya JAMSAWANG; Julien BAROTH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 638-656 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0825-1

摘要： This paper presents a reliability-based settlement analysis of T-shaped deep cement mixing (TDM) pile-supported embankments over soft soils. The uncertainties of the mechanical properties of the in-situ soil, pile, and embankment, and the effect of the pile shape are considered simultaneously. The analyses are performed using Monte Carlo Simulations in combination with an adaptive Kriging (using adaptive sampling algorithm). Individual and system failure probabilities, in terms of the differential and maximum settlements (serviceability limit state (SLS) requirements), are considered. The reliability results for the embankments supported by TDM piles, with various shapes, are compared and discussed together with the results for conventional deep cement mixing pile-supported embankments with equivalent pile volumes. The influences of the inherent variabilities in the material properties (mean and coefficient of variation values) on the reliability of the piled embankments, are also investigated. This study shows that large TDM piles, particularly those with a shape factor of greater than 3, can enhance the reliability of the embankment in terms of SLS requirements, and even avoid unacceptable reliability levels caused by variability in the material properties.

关键词： T-shaped deep cement mixing piles     piled embankments     settlement     reliability analysis     soil uncertainties    

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Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

摘要： Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles     Morphology     Element distribution     Mixing state    

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Dispersion of a novel phenolic rigid organic filler in isotactic polypropylene matrix by solution-mixingand melt-mixing

Dongming QI, Xiaoli ZHAO, Zhijie CHEN, Peng HUANG, Jun CAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 395-402 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1269-2

摘要： A novel phenolic rigid organic filler (named KD) with a high melting point was dispersed in an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix by solution-mixing and/or melt-mixing. A series of KD/iPP blends was prepared with or without addition of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a compatibilizer. Influences of MAPP and mixing methods on the filler dispersion were studied using polaried optical microscope (POM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tensile test. The filler particles are always inclined to form large irregular aggregates in the iPP matrix due to their significant differences in polarity and solubility in solvent. However, an iPP/MAPP/KD (PMK) blend containing filler particles with a quasi-spherical shape (~97.8 nm in diameter) and narrow particle size distribution (polydispersity index= 1.076) was successfully prepared by incorporating MAPP to reduce the interfacial tension and surface free energy between the dispersion phase and the continuous phase, and adopting a spray-drying method after solution-mixing to suppress the increase of the size of the dispersed phase during the removal of solvent.

关键词： dispersion     rigid organic filler     isotactic polypropylene     mixing    

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2161-2161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0143-3

摘要： RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

关键词： tee junction     Momentum exchange coefficient     RETRACTED    

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Reliability analysis of the control system of large-scale vertical mixing equipment

YANG Mingjin, LI Xiwen, LI Shaoping, YANG Shuzi

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第3卷 第2期   页码 133-138 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0037-y

摘要： The control system of vertical mixing equipment is a concentrate distributed monitoring system (CDMS). A reliability analysis model was built and its analysis was conducted based on reliability modeling theories such as the graph theory, Markov process, and redundancy theory. Analysis and operational results show that the control system can meet all technical requirements for high energy composite solid propellant manufacturing. The reliability performance of the control system can be considerably improved by adopting a control strategy combined with the hot spared redundancy of the primary system and the cold spared redundancy of the emergent one. The reliability performance of the control system can be also improved by adopting the redundancy strategy or improving the quality of each component and cable of the system.

关键词： composite     redundancy     monitoring     vertical     technical    

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Copper fractal growth during recycling from waste printed circuit boards by slurry electrolysis

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1405-7

摘要：

• Copper fractal growth was observed during WPCBs recycling by slurry electrolysis.

关键词： Dendritic copper     Fractal growth     WPCBs     Slurry electrolysis    

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EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Livestock manure was the main organic waste in urban and peri-urban areas.

• Manure production will increase by a factor of 3–10 between 2015–2050.

• Only 13%–38% of excreted N by livestock will be recycled in croplands.

• Intensification of urban livestock production greatly increased N surpluses.

• Reducing population growth and increasing livestock productivity needed.

 

Urban population growth is driving the expansion of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in developing countries. UPA is providing nutritious food to residents but the manures produced by UPA livestock farms and other wastes are not properly recycled. This paper explores the effects of four scenarios: (1) a reference scenario (business as usual), (2) increased urbanization, (3) UPA intensification, and (4) improved technology, on food-protein self-sufficiency, manure nitrogen (N) recycling and balances for four different zones in a small city (Jimma) in Ethiopia during the period 2015-2050. An N mass flow model with data from farm surveys, field experiments and literature was used. A field experiment was conducted and N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values differed among the five types of composts derived from urban livestock manures and kitchen wastes. The N use efficiency and N fertilizer replacement values were used in the N mass flow model.

Livestock manures were the main organic wastes in urban areas, although only 20 to 40% of animal-sourced food consumed was produced in UPA, and only 14 to 19% of protein intake by residents was animal-based. Scenarios indicate that manure production in UPA will increase 3 to 10 times between 2015 and 2050, depending on urbanization and UPA intensification. Only 13 to 38% of manure N will be recycled in croplands. Farm-gate N balances of UPA livestock farms will increase to>1 t·ha−1 in 2050. Doubling livestock productivity and feed protein conversion to animal-sourced food will roughly halve manure N production.

Costs of waste recycling were high and indicate the need for government incentives. Results of these senarios are wake-up calls for all stakeholders and indicate alternative pathways.

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Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up

Lili QU,Tianzhu ZHANG,Wei LU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 570-579 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2

摘要： Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimization method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China (CRRC) using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

关键词： China     crop residue     recycling potential     technology options    

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ALKALINE PRETREATMENT AND AIR MIXING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 424-436 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023506

摘要：

● Integration of alkaline pretreatment and air mixing for co-digestion was validated.

关键词： sodium hydroxide     air injection     cumulative methane yield     kinetic modeling analysis     digestate    

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资源循环

邱定蕃

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第10期   页码 31-35

摘要：

资源是一个国家可持续发展的基础。人类不能无限制地开发自然资源（矿物），而应该尽可能反复利用,逐步建立起资源循环。资源循环学，就是研究如何利用这些产物建立循环系统的科学。资源循环是一个规律，是人类与自然和谐共处、可持续发展的必由之路。资源开发又与环境污染密切相关。尽早建立资源循环型社会，有可能从根本上解决资源短缺和环境污染问题。建立资源循环型社会是一个系统工程，需要政府重视，制定相应法律，科技、教育先行和全社会的共同努力。

关键词： 资源     资源循环     资源开发     资源型社会    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquid

QIAO Congzhen, LI Chengyue

期刊论文

A methodology of implementing target mixing ratio for asphalt mixture

Yucheng HUANG, Lun JI, Rui WEN, Ming ZHANG

期刊论文

Characterization of micro-mixing in a novel impinging streams reactor

Hui HU, Zhiming CHEN, Zhen JIAO

期刊论文

Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

期刊论文

Separating method and dynamic processes of Nano-Al13

GAO Baoyu, YUE Qinyan, WANG Xiaona, CHU Yongbao, KONG Chunyan

期刊论文

Reliability-based settlement analysis of embankments over soft soils reinforced with T-shaped deep cement mixing

Chana PHUTTHANANON; Pornkasem JONGPRADIST; Daniel DIAS; Xiangfeng GUO; Pitthaya JAMSAWANG; Julien BAROTH

期刊论文

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

期刊论文

Dispersion of a novel phenolic rigid organic filler in isotactic polypropylene matrix by solution-mixingand melt-mixing

Dongming QI, Xiaoli ZHAO, Zhijie CHEN, Peng HUANG, Jun CAO

期刊论文

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

期刊论文

Reliability analysis of the control system of large-scale vertical mixing equipment

YANG Mingjin, LI Xiwen, LI Shaoping, YANG Shuzi

期刊论文

Copper fractal growth during recycling from waste printed circuit boards by slurry electrolysis

期刊论文

EXPLORING THE RECYCLING OF MANURE FROM URBAN LIVESTOCK FARMS: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA

期刊论文

Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up

Lili QU,Tianzhu ZHANG,Wei LU

期刊论文

ALKALINE PRETREATMENT AND AIR MIXING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION

期刊论文

资源循环

邱定蕃

期刊论文